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Compare Niue (2004) - Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2006)

Compare Niue (2004) z Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2006)

 Niue (2004)Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2006)
 NiueFalkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
Administrative divisions none; note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 14 villages at the second order none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Age structure 0-14 years: NA


15-64 years: NA


65 years and over: NA (2004 est.)
0-14 years: NA


15-64 years: NA


65 years and over: NA (2006 est.)
Agriculture - products coconuts, passion fruit, honey, limes, taro, yams, cassava (tapioca), sweet potatoes; pigs, poultry, beef cattle fodder and vegetable crops; sheep, dairy products
Airports 1 (2003 est.) 5 (2006)
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
total: 2


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2006)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 3


under 914 m: 3 (2006)
Area total: 260 sq km


land: 260 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total: 12,173 sq km


land: 12,173 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes the two main islands of East and West Falkland and about 200 small islands
Area - comparative 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC slightly smaller than Connecticut
Background Niue's remoteness, as well as cultural and linguistic differences between its Polynesian inhabitants and those of the rest of the Cook Islands, have caused it to be separately administered. The population of the island continues to drop (from a peak of 5,200 in 1966 to about 2,100 in 2004), with substantial emigration to New Zealand, 2,400 km to the southwest. Although first sighted by an English navigator in 1592, the first landing (English) did not occur until almost a century later in 1690, and the first settlement (French) was not established until 1764. The colony was turned over to Spain two years later and the islands have since been the subject of a territorial dispute, first between Britain and Spain, then between Britain and Argentina. The UK asserted its claim to the islands by establishing a naval garrison there in 1833. Argentina invaded the islands on 2 April 1982. The British responded with an expeditionary force that landed seven weeks later and after fierce fighting forced Argentine surrender on 14 June 1982.
Birth rate NA births/1,000 population (2004 est.) NA births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Budget revenues: NA


expenditures: NA, including capital expenditures of NA
revenues: $66.2 million


expenditures: $67.9 million; including capital expenditures of $23.2 million (FY98/99 est.)
Capital Alofi name: Stanley


geographic coordinates: 51 42 S, 57 41 W


time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)


daylight saving time: +1hr, begins first Sunday in September; ends third Sunday in April
Climate tropical; modified by southeast trade winds cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; average annual rainfall is 24 inches in Stanley; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate
Coastline 64 km 1,288 km
Constitution 19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act) 3 October 1985; amended 1997 and 1998
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Niue


former: Savage Island
conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
Currency New Zealand dollar (NZD) -
Death rate NA deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) NA deaths/1,000 population
Debt - external $418,000 (2002 est.) $NA
Dependency status self-governing in free association with New Zealand since 1974; Niue fully responsible for internal affairs; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs and defense; however, these responsibilities confer no rights of control and are only exercised at the request of the Government of Niue overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina
Diplomatic representation from the US none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand) none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Diplomatic representation in the US none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand) none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Disputes - international none Argentina, which claims the islands in its constitution and briefly occupied them by force in 1982, agreed in 1995 to no longer seek settlement by force; UK continues to reject Argentine requests for sovereignty talks
Economic aid - recipient $2.6 million from New Zealand (2002) $0 (1997 est.)
Economy - overview The economy suffers from the typical Pacific island problems of geographic isolation, few resources, and a small population. Government expenditures regularly exceed revenues, and the shortfall is made up by critically needed grants from New Zealand that are used to pay wages to public employees. Niue has cut government expenditures by reducing the public service by almost half. The agricultural sector consists mainly of subsistence gardening, although some cash crops are grown for export. Industry consists primarily of small factories to process passion fruit, lime oil, honey, and coconut cream. The sale of postage stamps to foreign collectors is an important source of revenue. The island in recent years has suffered a serious loss of population because of migration of Niueans to New Zealand. Efforts to increase GDP include the promotion of tourism and a financial services industry, although Premier LAKATANI announced in February 2002 that Niue will shut down the offshore banking industry. Economic aid from New Zealand in 2002 was about $2.6 million. The economy was formerly based on agriculture, mainly sheep farming, but today fishing contributes the bulk of economic activity. In 1987 the government began selling fishing licenses to foreign trawlers operating within the Falkland Islands' exclusive fishing zone. These license fees total more than $40 million per year, which goes to support the island's health, education, and welfare system. Squid accounts for 75% of the fish taken. Dairy farming supports domestic consumption; crops furnish winter fodder. Exports feature shipments of high-grade wool to the UK and the sale of postage stamps and coins. The islands are now self-financing except for defense. The British Geological Survey announced a 200-mile oil exploration zone around the islands in 1993, and early seismic surveys suggest substantial reserves capable of producing 500,000 barrels per day; to date, no exploitable site has been identified. An agreement between Argentina and the UK in 1995 seeks to defuse licensing and sovereignty conflicts that would dampen foreign interest in exploiting potential oil reserves. Tourism, especially eco-tourism, is increasing rapidly, with about 30,000 visitors in 2001. Another large source of income is interest paid on money the government has in the bank. The British military presence also provides a sizeable economic boost.
Electricity - consumption 2.79 million kWh (2001) 20.68 million kWh (2003)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001) 0 kWh (2003)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2001) 0 kWh (2003)
Electricity - production 3 million kWh (2001) 22.23 million kWh (2003)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location near Mutalau settlement 68 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mount Usborne 705 m
Environment - current issues increasing attention to conservationist practices to counter loss of soil fertility from traditional slash and burn agriculture overfishing by unlicensed vessels is a problem; reindeer were introduced to the islands in 2001 for commercial reasons; this is the only commercial reindeer herd in the world unaffected by the Chornobyl disaster
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
-
Ethnic groups Polynesian (with some 200 Europeans, Samoans, and Tongans) British
Exchange rates New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 1.7229 (2003), 2.1620 (2002), 2.3776 (2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999) Falkland pounds per US dollar - 0.55 (2005), 0.5462 (2004), 0.6125 (2003), 0.6672 (2002), 0.6947 (2001)


note: the Falkland pound is at par with the British pound
Executive branch chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and New Zealand are represented by New Zealand High Commissioner John BRYAN (since NA May 2000)


head of government: Premier Young VIVIAN (since 1 May 2002)


cabinet: Cabinet consists of the premier and three ministers


elections: the monarch is hereditary; premier elected by the Legislative Assembly for a three-year term; election last held 1 May 2002 (next to be held NA May 2005)


election results: Young VIVIAN elected premier; percent of Legislative Assembly vote - Young VIVIAN (NPP) 70%, Hunukitama HUNUKI (AI) 30%
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)


head of government: Governor Alan HUCKLE (since 25 August 2006); Chief Executive Chris SIMPKINS (since March 2003); Financial Secretary Derek F. HOWATT (since NA)


cabinet: Executive Council; three members elected by the Legislative Council, two ex officio members (chief executive and the financial secretary), and the governor


elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch
Exports NA (2001) NA bbl/day
Exports - commodities canned coconut cream, copra, honey, vanilla, passion fruit products, pawpaws, root crops, limes, footballs, stamps, handicrafts wool, hides, meat
Exports - partners New Zealand mainly, Fiji, Cook Islands, Australia (2000) Spain 81.9%, US 6%, UK 4.5% (2005)
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March 1 April - 31 March
Flag description yellow with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the flag of the UK bears five yellow five-pointed stars - a large one on a blue disk in the center and a smaller one on each arm of the bold red cross blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram (sheep raising was once the major economic activity) above the sailing ship Desire (whose crew discovered the islands) with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT
GDP purchasing power parity - $7.6 million (2000 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA


industry: NA


services: 55%
agriculture: 95%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $3,600 (2000 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate -0.3% (2000 est.) NA%
Geographic coordinates 19 02 S, 169 52 W 51 45 S, 59 00 W
Geography - note one of world's largest coral islands deeply indented coast provides good natural harbors; short growing season
Highways total: 234 km


paved: 86 km


unpaved: 148 km (2001)
-
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Imports NA (2001) NA bbl/day
Imports - commodities food, live animals, manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, lubricants, chemicals, drugs fuel, food and drink, building materials, clothing
Imports - partners New Zealand mainly, Fiji, Japan, Samoa, Australia, US (2000) UK 72.5%, US 15.1%, Netherlands 8.5% (2005)
Independence on 19 October 1974, Niue became a self-governing parliamentary government in free association with New Zealand none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Industrial production growth rate NA NA%
Industries tourism, handicrafts, food processing fish and wool processing; tourism
Infant mortality rate total: NA


male: NA


female: NA (2004 est.)
total: NA


male: NA


female: NA
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1% (1995) 3.6% (1998)
International organization participation ACP, FAO, PIF, Sparteca, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ICFTU, UPU
Irrigated land NA sq km NA
Judicial branch Supreme Court of New Zealand; High Court of Niue Supreme Court (chief justice is a nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions); Court of Summary Jurisdiction
Labor force NA (1998 est.) 1,724 (est.)
Labor force - by occupation most work on family plantations; paid work exists only in government service, small industry, and the Niue Development Board agriculture: 95% (mostly sheepherding and fishing)


industry and services: 5%
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: 15.38%


permanent crops: 11.54%


other: 73.08% (2001)
arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (99% permanent pastures, 1% other) (2005)
Languages Niuean, a Polynesian language closely related to Tongan and Samoan; English English
Legal system English common law


note: Niue is self-governing, with the power to make its own laws
English common law
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Assembly (20 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; six elected from a common roll and 14 are village representatives)


elections: last held 21 March 2002 (next to be held NA March 2005)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NPP 9, independents 11; note - all 20 seats were reelected
unicameral Legislative Council (10 seats - two ex officio, eight elected by popular vote, members serve four-year terms); presided over by the governor


elections: last held 17 November 2005 (next to be held November 2009)


election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 8
Life expectancy at birth total population: NA years


male: NA years


female: NA years (2004 est.)
total population: NA


male: NA


female: NA
Literacy definition: NA


total population: 95%


male: NA


female: NA
NA
Location Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Tonga Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of southern Argentina
Map references Oceania South America
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
territorial sea: 12 nm


continental shelf: 200 nm


exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine none -
Military - note defense is the responsibility of New Zealand defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches no regular indigenous military forces; Police Force no regular military forces
Military expenditures - dollar figure - NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - NA
National holiday Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840) Liberation Day, 14 June (1982)
Nationality noun: Niuean(s)


adjective: Niuean
noun: Falkland Islander(s)


adjective: Falkland Island
Natural hazards typhoons strong winds persist throughout the year
Natural resources fish, arable land fish, squid, wildlife, calcified seaweed, sphagnum moss
Net migration rate NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Political parties and leaders Niue People's Action Party or NPP [Young VIVIAN]; Alliance of Independents or AI [leader NA] none; all independents
Political pressure groups and leaders NA none
Population 2,156 (July 2004 est.) 2,967 (July 2006 est.)
Population below poverty line NA NA%
Population growth rate 0.01% (2004 est.) 2.44% (2006 est.)
Ports and harbors none; offshore anchorage only -
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 1, FM 7, shortwave 0


note: British Forces Broadcasting Service (BFBS) provides Radio 1 (FM) and Radio 2 (AM) service (2006)
Religions Ekalesia Niue (Niuean Church - a Protestant church closely related to the London Missionary Society) 75%, Latter-Day Saints 10%, other 15% (mostly Roman Catholic, Jehovah's Witnesses, Seventh-Day Adventist) primarily Anglican, Roman Catholic, United Free Church, Evangelist Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran, Seventh-Day Adventist
Sex ratio NA (2004 est.) -
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system domestic: single-line telephone system connects all villages on island


international: country code - 683
general assessment: NA


domestic: government-operated radiotelephone and private VHF/CB radiotelephone networks provide effective service to almost all points on both islands


international: country code - 500; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) with links through London to other countries
Telephones - main lines in use 1,100 est (2002) 2,400 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular 400 (2002) 0 (2001)
Television broadcast stations 1 (1997) 2 (British Forces Broadcasting Service (BFBS) provides multi-channel satellite service to members of UK Forces as well as islanders)


note: cable television is available in Stanley (2006)
Terrain steep limestone cliffs along coast, central plateau rocky, hilly, mountainous with some boggy, undulating plains
Total fertility rate NA children born/woman (2004 est.) NA children born/woman
Unemployment rate NA (March 1999) full employment; labor shortage (2001)
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